Sustainable Technology and Green Business in MSMEs: A Literature Review of Digitalization, Resource Efficiency, and Business Sustainability

Abstract

This study examines how sustainable technology and green business practices contribute to resource efficiency and business sustainability among micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Using an integrative literature review, the study synthesizes theoretical and empirical perspectives on digitalization, environmental management, and organizational capabilities. The synthesis indicates that digital technologies can improve operational planning, resource monitoring, and waste reduction, but their adoption does not automatically generate environmental or economic benefits. Resource efficiency emerges as a potential mechanism connecting digitalization with business sustainability, while organizational capabilities, financial readiness, and external support influence implementation effectiveness. Integrating the Natural Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, this study proposes a conceptual framework explaining how technological and environmental practices may support sustainable business operations. The findings emphasize that MSME sustainability depends on appropriate technological choices, effective resource management, and economic viability. The framework provides a foundation for future empirical investigation and sustainability-oriented business policies.